Essay Chaucers Canterbury Tales - 2356 Words

Take any pilgrim whose tale we read and show Chaucer artfully matches the story to the teller. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Of the many stories he writes the tale told by the Wife of Bath is the most verbal and for its time the most forthright exposition of the role women did not have but could have in that time period. The wife of Bath’s story is fairly general a man is accused of trying to rape a woman and the sentence for this charge is to be hung. The mean pleads and pleads to be acquitted of his charge so the queen of the time says he will not be hung if he finds the answer to a certain question. The question is â€Å"What is it women most desire.† He is given one year and one day to find this answer and until the day before his†¦show more content†¦The Wife of Bath I see as being more the naà ¯ve, idealistic old hag. Another correlation is how sly they both are and how they like to gossip. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;I am pretty positive Chaucer meant for the Old Hag to be related to the Wife of Bath for the different reasons I have explained. It is still odd how the character made it into Canterbury Tales but interesting all the same; The Wife of Bath’s story best describe whom she herself actually is. Chaucer’s portraits of the clergy and church related position show evidence of a religious system full of corruption and hypocrisy. Examine in depth 2 or 3 of Chaucer’s pilgrim portraits from the prologue, illustrate or demonstrate how the medieval church was in need of reform. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The late 14th century church almost a disgrace to the meaning and reputation it was supposed to be upholding. This was not true for all of the church as is true all of Chaucer’s characters were not exact remakes of their real life counterpart. The clergy (Monk and Prioress and Friar) and other church related affiliates (Summoner and Pardoner) are made out to be corrupting the church. The Friar was a member of the mendicants, who were a group that traveled from town to town supposedly helping the poor this was however not what he did. The Summoner and pardoner were both not qualified for the positions they held and were in a sense stealing money from those thatShow MoreRelatedThe Canterbury Tales, by Geoffrey Chaucer1582 Words   |  7 Pages Geoffrey Chaucer wrote the Canterbury tales a collection of short tales in the 14th century. The compilation of stories are told by different characters within the narrative as part of a game proposed by the host. Each individual must tell two stories on their journey and two stories on their way back. Each story tells some aspects of English life during the time and often added satire like qualities to the English life. In particular Chaucer often tells stories with elements of the relationshipRead MoreChaucer s The Canterbury Tales1064 Words   |  5 PagesGeoffrey Chaucer, The Author of the Canterbury Tales, is known as the Father of English Literature and is one of the greatest English Poets of the Middle Ages. Chaucer was a soldier, a diplomat, a civil servant, and a courtier, enabling him to experience different aspects of each social ranking, which he demonstrated through his poetry. The Canterbury Tales, his most famous work, is a collection of short stories within a frame story, making for an interesting and memorable narrative about 29 pilgrimsRead MoreThe Canterbury Tales By Geoffrey Chaucer2127 Words   |  9 PagesIt is unknown when Geoffrey Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales, but it is assumed that he wrote it in 1387. There are many different aspects and themes throughout this paper that are very prominent. One theme that is very important is the importance of company. This entire tale is about twenty-nine pilgrims who all tell tales while on a pilgrimage to the shrine of Saint Thomas Becket in Canterbury. The importance of company is that this is a pilgrimage that requires companions and friendship. ThoughRead MoreThe Canterbury Tales By Geoffrey Chaucer913 Words   |  4 PagesThe Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer consists of frame narratives were a group of pilgrims that are traveling from Southwark to the shire of St. Becker in the Canterbury Cathedral, tell each other to pass time until they arrive at their destination. During The Can terbury Tales the reader is exposed to many characters that represent all of the social classes of medieval England and the reader gets to know them from the general prologue to each individual tale. One of these characters is the PardonerRead MoreThe Canterbury Tales By Geoffrey Chaucer2664 Words   |  11 PagesThe Canterbury Tales The Canterbury Tales was written by Geoffrey Chaucer in 1392, during the medieval period in Europe. Three important aspects, his family’s ties to the court, his schooling and working for royalty (XI), and his love for reading and learning (XII) all combined and enabled him to create his greatest work, The Canterbury Tales. Chaucer includes many different characters, pilgrims, all from very unique walks of life. Although there are not as many women included as men, their storiesRead MoreThe Canterbury Tales By Geoffrey Chaucer2648 Words   |  11 PagesThe Canterbury Tales was written by Geoffrey Chaucer in 1392, during the medieval period in Europe. Three important aspects, his family’s ties to the court, his schooling and working for royalty (XI), and his love for reading and learning (XII) all combined and enabled him to create his greatest work, The Canterbury Tales. Chaucer includes many different characters, pilgrims, all from very unique walks of life. Although there are not as many women included as men, their stories give some extraordinaryRead MoreChaucer s The Canterbury Tales906 Words   |  4 PagesIn the general prologue to Geoffrey Chaucer’s, The Canterbury Tales, Chaucer reveals his dissatisfaction of the distribution of power and how that power was maintained in the Medieval England estate system, through the use of his physical description of each of the pilgrims and by the personality of specific members of each caste. To portray these characters and the flaws that they represent in actual medieval society, Chaucer heavily relies on the use of irony to describe many of the travelers inRead MoreThe Canterbury Tales By Geoffrey Chaucer1073 Words   |  5 PagesIn The Canterbury Tales, Geoffrey Chaucer introduced and described a variety of fictional characters that lived in the Middle Ages. It was the time period that European civilians were governed by a system called feudalism. Where kings were the head of the system an d everyone was categorized in social classes. In the prologue of The Canterbury Tales the first character introduced was the knight. Geoffrey Chaucer depicts the knight correctly by characterizing him as a chivalrous and honorable man,Read MoreCanterbury Tales By Geoffrey Chaucer1380 Words   |  6 PagesCanterbury Tales Canterbury Tales written by Geoffrey Chaucer was a story of not the people themselves but a social statement of how the people of higher standing were viewed by the middle class. In the time that Canterbury Tales was written it was a time of corruption of the Church. There were many clergy members that were mentioned in this story. Each of the characters was unique in the way they went against the standards they should be held to. The most interesting this story was definitely TheRead MoreThe Canterbury Tales By Geoffrey Chaucer2221 Words   |  9 Pagesin medieval literature is the Canterbury Tales written by Geoffrey Chaucer. This research seeks to examine the life of Chaucer, the Canterbury Tales, and the impact and legacy of both the author and the work. Agnes Copton gave birth to a baby boy c. 1340, whom she named Geoffrey. The baby took the surname of his father John Chaucer, who came from a family of wine merchants. The family relied on strategic relationships to subsidize where they lacked in wealth. Chaucer was fluent in French, Italian

Throughout Literature, The Slave Narrative Has Become Quite

Throughout literature, the slave narrative has become quite commonplace, and while there are only so many ways for an author to distinguish their work from the rest of these narratives Yaa Gyasi does just this with â€Å"Homegoing†. â€Å"Homegoing† is a narrative with intense emotional depth geared toward depicting the strong cultural roots of differing tribes in the African continent and the many tribulations they face through the family lineage of two sisters separated at birth. Over the span of the narrative, this family tree allows for the story to traverse through time in an attempt to showcase the numerous accounts and degrees of struggle that each descendant faces, which is factored in by the time period they live in. Furthermore, while†¦show more content†¦This can be seen whenever Effia is approaching womanhood and Baabe tells her that she is not allowed to tell the anyone else when her blood comes. However, even in doing this Baabe is not solely at b lame, due to the cultural identity of women as a whole in the village, Effie s self-worth from very early on was to be to be merely that of a wife. â€Å"Efiia knew who her choice for husband would be, and she dearly hoped her parents would choose the same man. Abeeku Badu†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Homegoing 7). Outside of marriage, she had no further aspirations in life other than to be the wife of Abeeku Badu who was to be the next chief of the village. Women in the Ghanaian way of life had little worth other than that of a bearer of children and the keeper of the house and were married off by their parents in accordance with how powerful the union between the two would be and the strength that it brought the village. Effia’s father reminds her several times that her place is that of being a wife to a powerful man. This pattern of self-worth for women of the village being tied to marriage continues on into the latter half of Effie s story whenever the people of the village get tired of waiting for her blood to come so they attribute a curse to her which makes no one in the village want her. Having what little self-worth Effia has completely taken away from her, she is then sold away for thirty poundsShow MoreRelatedEssay Frederick Douglass and Slavery1448 Words   |  6 Pagesachievements throughout his life. His Life as a slave had a great impact on his writings. His great oratory skills left the largest impact on Civil War time period literature. All in all he was the best black speaker and writer ever. Douglass was born a slave in 1817, in Maryland. He educated himself and became determined to escape the horror of slavery. He attempted to escape slavery once, but failed. He later made a successful escape in 1838. Frederick’s life as a slave had the greatestRead MoreFrederick Douglass And Slavery.1438 Words   |  6 Pagesachievements throughout his life. His Life as a slave had a great impact on his writings. His great oratory skills left the largest impact on Civil War time period literature. All in all he was the best black speaker and writer ever. Douglass was born a slave in 1817, in Maryland. He educated himself and became determined to escape the horror of slavery. He attempted to escape slavery once, but failed. He later made a successful escape in 1838. Frederick’s life as a slave had theRead MoreRomanticism In Fredrick Douglass1385 Words   |  6 PagesCritics struggle to fit Douglass’s narrative into a literary genre, some believe it fits within the realm of Romanticism while others argue his narrative belongs under Realism. In nineteen century America, the African American voice was missing from literature. Slave narratives were not taken seriously and most slaves were not taught how to read or write. Douglass’s was a self-taught slave his narrative was a game changer Douglass was considered an intellectual and respected by most as a reputableRead MoreAfrican American Literature : The Black Poets1727 Words   |  7 PagesI would define African American Literature as literature created by authors of the African America race. It started with slave narratives and during the Harlem Renaissance attention was brought to the arts of African American artiest, poets, musicians, and authors. African American Literature is more than slave narratives. It is heartfelt stories of lost love, justices, death, and finding one’s own strength. African American literature comes in the form of poetry, short stories, non-fiction and fictionRead MoreSlavery in Literature Essay1504 Words   |  7 PagesSlavery in Literature Frederick Douglass was born into the lifelong, evil, bondage of slavery. His autobiography, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave, Written by Himself, depicts his accomplishments. The narrative, however, is not only the story of his success. It is not simply a tale of his miraculous escape from slavery. Frederick Douglass narrative is, in fact, an account of his tremendous strides through literacy. He exemplifies a literate man who is able toRead MoreBenjamin Franklin And Olaudah Equiano1127 Words   |  5 Pages1791. Olaudah Equiano was a young boy when he was kidnapped and sold into slavery. He was forced to work on naval vessels and on plantations in Virginia. Equiano published his interesting narrative in 1789. Franklin writes about his life as a key figure of American civilization. Equiano writes about his life as a slave and abolitionist against slavery. The autobiographies of Ben Franklin and Olaudah Equiano can be compared and contrasted through the ir writing styles, exigence, and content. Franklin’sRead MoreGreek Mythology And Mythology Of The Iliad, Oedipus Rex And Others1294 Words   |  6 Pages Examples of this have been seen throughout the world, especially in Greek culture. The ancient Greeks had a rich culture, which they used often in their works; examples of this are seen in the Iliad, Oedipus Rex and others. The existence of Greek mythology and narratives plays a significant role in shaping the arts, most notably dance and performance. It also prompted the Aristotle Poetics that discussed the value of six specific traits in every tragedy. It has even encouraged the usage in otherRead MoreThomas King: Not Just a Reaction to Colonialism1459 Words   |  6 Pagesinstead, representing slavery during the colonial period. The idea of kidnapping Indians and selling them as slaves appears after his men gather a monkey, a parrot, a fish, and a coconut. Columbus tells them that [t]hat stuff isnt worth poop (King Coyote 126). Columbus was very much part of a slave-driven society including slave-trading, working as a sugar buyer and visiting colonies where slaves had been traded for years. Here, King both highlights what really motivated Columbus -- finding thingsRead MoreMirrored Worlds1566 Words   |  7 Pagesinstances throughout literature where two pieces, told by two different narrators, and telling two different stories can be found to have similar textual qualities. This instance can be shown between A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson by Mary Rowlandson herself and Our Nig by Harriet E. Wilson. The stories depict the great suffering of two individuals who express similar qualities in their writings; the qualities being that each piece is a captivity narrative, thereRead MoreAphra Bens Oroonoko and Daniel Defoes Moll Flanders1562 Words   |  6 PagesIn his Dictionary of Literary Terms, Harry Shaw defines the novel: â€Å"In effective narrative literature, fictional persons, through char acterization, become so credible that they exist for the reader as real people,† he says (1). Many eighteenth century British novelists neglected to earn this credibility. Looking specifically at Aphra Behn’s Oroonoko and Daniel Defoe’s Moll Flanders, Shaw’s definition becomes especially difficult to apply to Moll and Oroonoko’s narrator. While the novels should

Destruction Of The First Nations Culture By Indian Residential Schools Free Essays

string(44) " take away the felicity associated with it\." The Indian Residential Schools non merely were the cause of much agony to the First Nations people during the 18 and 19 100s, but they have besides extended this agony to all coevalss that have followed. These schools have played a big function in the loss of traditions, linguistic communication, and beliefs that First Nations people held in such high respect through humiliation, force, and isolation. Anglican and Catholic churches managed the Indian Residential Schools from the 1870 ‘s to the early 1980 ‘s by following the legislative authorization that they were given by the Canadian Government ( Meseyton, 2005 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Destruction Of The First Nations Culture By Indian Residential Schools or any similar topic only for you Order Now Kipling and Stout ( 2003 ) say that â€Å" by 1930, 75 per cent of First Nations kids between the ages of 7 and 15 old ages were enrolled in one of 80 such schools across the state and in the 1940s, attending was expanded to include Inuit kids every bit good † ( p.29 ) . There were about 150, 000 Frist Nations, Inuit, and Metis kids taken from their places and put in Indian Residential Schools ( CBC New, 2009 ) . In Nova Scotia, there was one Residential School for First Nations people, which resided in Shubenacadie. The Shubenacadie Residential School opened in 1930 and it closed its doors in June of 1967 ( Knockwood, 1992, Paul, 2006 ) . The object of the Indian Residential Schools were used as a portion of colonialism to absorb the First Nations people by destructing their civilization, linguistic communication, individuality, history, and spiritualty ( Longboat, 1987 ; Meseyton, 2005 ) . Taking away the First Nations heritage was seen to alter whom they were and do them intermix in to Canadian Society. Battiste ( 1986 ) explains that the Indian Residential Schools were evaluated based on their â€Å" ability to transform the Indian † ( p. 35 ) . This transmutation came with barbarous force and no respect to the kids ‘s self-pride because they were portrayed as barbarians, pagans, heathens and wild Indians ( Knockwood, 1992 ) . The Shubenacadie Residential School followed the Nova Scotia course of study with a few alterations in the faith class and they were besides taught to be ashamed of who they were ( Paul, 2006 ) . Paul ( 2006 ) besides says that the â€Å" kids were taught about all the advantages of Caucasic life and all the immoralities of First Nations ‘ isolation, linguistic communication and civilization † ( p. 283 ) . First Nations kids traveling into the residential schools were non allowed to talk their ain linguistic communication. Knockwood ( 1992 ) says, â€Å" Talking Mi’Kmaw was non permitted in the school because it held kids back in the schoolroom in reading, articulating and composing English † ( p. 26 ) . Taking the kids from their households and coercing them non to talk their linguistic communication was the first stairss in taking away their individuality. Even though the churches and Government made the First Nations people believe that they had a pick to direct their kids to school, this was non the instance. Harmonizing to Daniel Paul ( 2006 ) , because of how the Indian Act was written, the kids were considered wards of the Crown and did non hold Torahs to protect them so households could make nil. Families filled out signifiers to let their kids to go to these schools, but Paul ( 2006 ) says that it did non affair because these signifiers were merely â€Å" window dressings † and the Indian Agents did non necessitate the parents ‘ permission and could make whatever they wanted with the kids. Maltreatment of the First Nations kids was normally used in the Indian Residential Schools for control and assimilation. The kids were forced to give up their individualities through whippings, menaces, and isolation. Isabelle Knockwood ( 1992 ) conducted an interview with Peter Julian, former pupil at the Shubenacadie Residential School, that said by the clip he left the school he was ashamed to talk his ain linguistic communication for the small spot that he could retrieve. Talking the Mi’Kmaw linguistic communication was non the lone thing that brought on maltreatment. Isabelle Knockwood was besides a former pupil of the Shubenacadie Residential School. She can retrieve watching a nun shingle a small miss while shouting, â€Å" Look at me † because the nun did non recognize that direct oculus contact between a kid and an grownup was considered chesty in the native civilization ( Knockwood, 1992, p. 50 ) . The maltreatment made the kids forget about their civilization though fright. Knockwood ( 1992 ) says we â€Å" were forcibly disconnected from everything our parents and seniors had taught us, and everything new was learned in an ambiance of fright † ( p. 50 ) . At times physical and sexual maltreatment was used together. The kids were being sexual abused by the nuns and priest and if they did non follow with it, they would be all in ( Knockwood, 1992 ) . Physical and sexual maltreatment was non the lone signifiers of penalty used in the Indian Residential Schools. As stated earlier, isolation from households were besides used to absorb the First Nations kids. Children were non allowed to see their households frequently and for some they did non acquire to see their households at all because of the going distance to the school. During the Christmas interruption, the kids were forced to remain at the school alternatively of being place with their households ( Knockwood, 1992 ; Paul, 2006 ) . Even though the kids could non travel place for Christmas, they remember lovingly being able to pass it with their siblings that were at the school besides. Knockwood ( 1992 ) remembers this as the merely good thing about Christmas and says, â€Å" we ‘d acquire our nowadayss from place and acquire to sit with our brothers and sisters † ( p. 38 ) . However, Doug Knockwood remembers one Christmas were his male parent travelled to the sc hool to convey Christmas gifts and the nuns refused to let the kids to hold them and made him take the gifts back place ( Knockwood, 1992 ) . Christmas is one of the major vacations where households are near. This was a manner to unplug the bonds between the kids and the parents and take away the felicity associated with it. You read "Destruction Of The First Nations Culture By Indian Residential Schools" in category "Essay examples" The kids ‘s gifts were the lone thing left that made them experience like kids. Harmonizing to Knockwood ( 1992 ) , the kids were merely allowed to play with their gifts until January 6 and so they were packed up and ne’er seen once more. Taking these gifts from the kids would be like taking them from their households once more because these gifts were the lone thing every twelvemonth that connected them to and reminded them of their households. Many of the parents besides had trouble accepting that their kids could non come place for Christmas. These parents would compose letters or hire attorneies to acquire their kids place, but all they would have was ill-mannered letters from the school denying them ( Paul, 2006 ) . Other households stuck together as a community to seek to acquire their kids place. Paul ( 2006 ) explains briefly that the Cambridge Reserve hired a adult male to travel to the school to pick their kids up but the Principal would non allow them travel. These are illustrations of how determined the churches and Canadian Government were in absorbing the First Nations people. The Indian Residential Schools did non supply the instruction that other Nova Scotia schools provided. The pupils were taught really basic instruction and the remainder was manual labor ( Knockwood, 1992 ) . Learning merely the basic instruction was so First States people could acquire by life in society by understanding English, but non have excessively much instruction so they obtain callings such as attorney, instructors and physicians. Making them make manual labor was in some manner ‘killing two birds with one rock ‘ . The Government could absorb them into Western Society and non hold to pay anyone to make the manual work at the school. The kids that attended these schools were non trained to make the work and most clip they were in the place to make manual work that was insecure. Knockwood ( 1992 ) describes that many of the kids got physically hurt because they were excessively little or untrained to run the machinery. There was really small clip to make anything merriment at the school. Knockwood ( 1992 ) remembers being able to play baseball and traveling skating. For the kids that attended these schools, keeping on to the memories of these times is what helped them do it through each twenty-four hours. This was one of the times, other than Christmas, that the kids that had brothers or sisters at the school would acquire to see them even for merely a few proceedingss ( Knockwood, 1992 ) . These tactics were ways that the churches and Government thought would insulate the kids and cut bonds with other household members. This was non the lone manner that the Indian Residential Schools managed to deprive First Nations kids of their individuality. The kids did non hold the chance to turn up and see what a normal household life would look like because they were at school for 10 months a twelvemonth with no parental contact other than letters, which were no usage, because they were written in English so the parents could non read them ( CBC News, 2009 ) . This farther goes to demo how isolation was used to take the bonds within the households so they could suit into Canadian society more expeditiously. There were besides residential twenty-four hours schools and some kids were sent away to schools in other states so they would larn to â€Å" reject their traditional cultural ways in favor of the life of the person in the dominant Canadian society † ( Battiste, 1986, p. 36 ) . No affair where the First Nations kids were sent for instruction, the chief result the Canadian Government desired was assimilation of the ‘Indian ‘ . Daniel Paul attended an Indian Day School on the Indian Brook Reserve where assimilation was still in advancement ( Paul, 2006 ) Paul ( 2006 ) recalls his clip in this school and says he â€Å" can non remember any attempt being made – except for a brief mention to basket weaving and other traditional trades – to learn us about heritage and civilization † ( p. 291 ) . The deficiency of instruction of the First Nations heritage and civilization in the Indian twenty-four hours schools was merely another effort of the Canadia n Government to absorb the First Nations people. Assimilation of the First Nations people did non travel like the Canadian Government planned. There are still First Nations people widely spread all across Canada. Did the Indian Residential Schools affect the First Nations civilization and their individuality? Harmonizing to Kipling and Stout ( 2003 ) , the parents that grew up in Indian Residential Schools create what they call â€Å" intergenerational † Survivors by go throughing the injury they experienced down to their kids ( p. 51 ) . The effects of the schools non merely affected the First Nations people in them at the clip but for coevals to come. Kipling and Stout ( 2003 ) explains this to be â€Å" like a pebble dropped in a pool, traumatic effects tend to ruffle outward signifier victims to touch all those who surround them, including kids and grandchildren † ( p. 51 ) . The subsisters of the Indian Residential Schools ne’er had a opportunity to go near with their households and larn what healthy relationships were. Kipling and Stout ( 2003 ) suggest that the force that the subsisters encountered at the schools was used towards their ain kids subsequently in their lives because they did non cognize how to show fondness. This is what causes a rhythm of maltreatment. Unless this rhythm is stopped, every coevals will endure the same sort of force from their parents. The maltreatment can besides stem from defeat. When kids were old plenty they returned place to their parents where they felt like they did non belong because they did non hold the accomplishments to assist their parents out and ended up going ashamed of who they were ( CBC News, 2009 ) . Not everyone experienced the same things in the Indian Residential Schools. Some First Nations people believe they learned valuable accomplishments such as talking English, how to maintain their places in good form, stitching, cookery and praying, while others thought it was the most atrocious topographic point to be ( Knockwood, 1992 ) . Knockwood ( 1992 ) besides explains that some of the pupils thought the whippings were deserved, while some thought it was a safety from place because their parents abused them, and some pupils were the priests and nuns front-runners so they did non endure the penalties. Even though there were some First States people that seen the schools as a good topographic point to be while they were at that place, this did non halt the agony of the First Nations civilization and individuality. The First Nations civilization and linguistic communication are threatened because â€Å" several coevalss of kids holding grown up in a scene where any manifestation of Aboriginality was disparaged and devalued † ( Kipling A ; Stout, 2003, p. 34 ) . Kipling and Stout ( 2003 ) besides suggest that many subsisters are seeking to get by with both the maltreatment they suffered at the Indian Residential Schools along with the loss of their civilization. First Nations communities need to lodge together to mend if they want to convey back the civilization and linguistic communication of their ascendants. Without the instruction of traditions and linguistic communication, the First Nations individuality will be wholly gone. Randolph Bowers considers himself a Mi’kmaq adult male that is seeking to detect his ain individuality while seeking to assist others understand themselves better by bring outing their ain individuality ( Bowers, 2008 ) . The Indian Residential School did non affect Arbors straight but he states how it affected his household indirectly by stating: My household was non impacted by the residential school epoch straight. We were influenced indirectly. My grandma Honora Elizabeth Richard-Bowers lived during an epoch when the residential schools were enforced in Nova Scotia. For Metis households I suspect there was a changeless fright of authorities functionaries. Foster places, wards of the province, and residential schools were non far distant worlds for comparatively hapless Acadian households. Hiding their Aboriginal lineage was most likely really necessary during the late 1800s and early 1900s ( Arbors, 2008, p.37 ) . This shows that the Frist Nations people did non hold to be forced into an Indian Residential School to be stripped of their civilization and linguistic communication. Some of the households felt giving up their individuality was better than the alternate. Arbors ( 2008 ) goes on to state, â€Å" My experience is of being a non-status Indian turning up in a household that had about lost our connexions to Aboriginal heritage and civilization. There was ever a nothingness in my bosom, a immense portion of me that was losing † ( p. 29 ) . Arbors shows us that cognizing your heritage is of import in cognizing who you are. The grounds proves that the Indian Residential Schools took something from the First Nations people that was really of import to their individuality. It is of import for anyone to cognize who they are and where they came from, but for the First Nations people it is highly of import because happening their individuality though their traditions and linguistic communication aid mend the agony brought on by the Indian Residential Schools. Healing is an of import measure in recovering the civilization and linguistic communication of the First Nations people. Knockwood ( 1992 ) explains that it is of import that the subsisters of the Indian Residential Schools talk with other subsisters to assist with the healing procedure. Moayeri and Smith ( 2010 ) conducted interviews with two First States female parents that were former pupils at the Indian Residential Schools. These adult females have lost their individuality because of the maltreatment they suffered and the isolation they endured. In these interviews, the adult females explained that they were seeking to recover their individuality back by taking some power over their lives ( Moayeri A ; Smith, 2010 ) . Many pupils are still seeking to mend themselves in one manner or another and with the support of their First Nations communities, the procedure of mending would profit the subsister every bit good as coevalss to come. In decision, the Indian Residential Schools along with other efforts of assimilation of the First Nations heritage, civilization, linguistic communication, and individuality have affected the First Nations people. Arbors ( 2008 ) says, â€Å" We are Canadians, but if we do non cognize where we come from and who we are, we are nil † ( p. 38 ) . Reconnecting with the First Nations communities and larning about their lost heritage will assist mend the agony for the future coevalss of First Nations kids. Reclaiming their individualities will do the First Nations communities stronger to contend any other signifiers of assimilation that may happen in the hereafter. How to cite Destruction Of The First Nations Culture By Indian Residential Schools, Essay examples

Innovation of Auckland University Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Innovation of Auckland University. Answer: Introduction Open innovation has got a lot of fame and recognition because additional companies are changing themselves from close to open innovation. This report depicts the process of innovation from companies like Auckland University and Sistema. If the comparison comes between Auckland University and Sistema then it is evident that Auckland University is a big scale organization whereas Sistema is a small scale organization, therefore the difference of innovation process in the purpose will be there. The report gives an insight on the process followed by each of the organization and the divergence between the two. Globalization has led to the enlargement of the market competition all over the world and the life cycles of a variety of products have diminished significantly. The organizations both large and small are gradually shifting from closed innovation to open innovation models so that they gain competitive advantage in the market. Innovation in Auckland University Auckland University is one of the organizations that have adapted to the open innovation and have started centers for open innovation research and development. This University fully focuses on innovation and has a formal approach to it. The university has developed documents, which includes all the strategies that will be used for applying open innovation. The university uses tied innovation, which combines both the inbound and outbound innovation process. The organization is very open about the knowledge they use and they have gained a lot from it. They share it with other organizations as well so that they gain outbound knowledge from other universities as well (Gaziulusoy, Boyle McDowall, 2013). It comprises of various programs that ensure so that can find new dimensions in innovation and contribute to the society by applying to these courses. The organization has started other programs which will ensure them that they receive outbound innovation from other parts of the world (Ga rca-Pealvo et al., 2015). The conviction of this organization is that there are lots of innovative people with innovative ideas outside the organization, and which can help to improve the innovation process of the organization. The organization therefore thinks that the beginning of the research does not have to be an internal process and the organization can take the help of external sources to earn profits or improve the internal process of innovation. The organization believes in budding a policy and model which will be far better and effective than the models of the other organizations (Vanhaverbeke et al., 2017). Nonetheless, that does not mean the company will be the first one to enter the market, because market profit is not entirely dependent on the market. The rapid change of the meaning of innovation only happened because of the completion of the process of the open innovation (Bogers et al., 2017). This organization believes in sharing the intellectual property and in order to help the strategic st andards they are keen to buy intellectual property of other organizations. This clearly points out the willingness of this organization and to share intellectual property with other organizations focuses on the long-term sustainability of the organization. However, the organization knows that a strong paradigm for the business will be the key to gaining competitive advantage in the market and is capable in understanding the importance of a business model and knows that a strong example for the business will be the key to gain competitive advantage in the market. Innovation in Sistema Plastics Sistema Plastics is a company, which deals in storage of food and is mainly focused on the process of closed innovation. The type of innovation process used by the Sistema Plastics Company is totally different from the University of Auckland (Cassiman Valentini, 2016). The company has ethnicity which always has been protective about their intellectual property and mainly focuses on their closed innovation. The company also had issues with the companies they worked with regarding the use of their intellectual property. The company believes that the best of the smart minds works in their company and inbound innovation process (Du, Leten, Vanhaverbeke, 2014). The company wants to use their own profit and develop their own machinery. They untested the products before launching so that the intellectual rights of the product can be protected. The company itself wants to be the innovator in the market section and want to be the first one to launch a technology in the market. They feel tha t the gain will always be because of the innovators in the market with competitive advantage and make most of the profits in the company. The Sistema plastics are one of the leading businesses. Sistema plastics which are an Auckland based storage company is being purchased by US based Newell Brands. This product of have been proved useful and good in several household. The organization also feels that the company who has the most advanced idea and more innovation will be the company gaining the competitive advantage in the market. It also believes in having full control over their intellectual property because this will stop their rivals from taking advantage of their innovations (Stanko, Fisher, Bogers, 2017). Barriers to Open Innovation Barriers are always there to open any new system; any good things come only after facing big challenges. Humans are known as opposing any new things. Even though there is most of the company who have successfully adapted open innovation, still there are some which face problems. Managing performance of an open innovation is very difficult as it faces a lot of problems by its employees as well as the competitors. As the idea comes in a collective way and there are many minds that help to establish the ideas therefore there is often a problem that is faced because of ownership (West Bogers, 2014). The process of using open innovation is a time consuming process as it consists of chain of command and every decision has to go through various process phases. However, the organization is being focused only on open innovation and is also very much careful about the risk in the market. Discussion of the Barriers It is difficult to provide an even leadership. This is one of the key challenges which most of the organization faces. Open innovation can often go through imbalance, when different types of organization comes together. In that case the leading organization comes into power but however it creates a lot of problems in the companies (Markman, 2016). Both the organization faces this problem. Though Auckland University is gaining more knowledge by using the outbound innovation method, they can develop a business model which is better than the other competitors in the market. However, the strategy of Sistema is to be the market innovator by launching their technology first in the market. Auckland University believes in establishing a good relationship with the rival organizations so that they can trade their technological values to gain a better model. However, Sistema believes in creating patents of their products before launching into the market so that they can ensure that their techno logy remains safe. The organization being a small-scale organization believes in protecting their intellectual property (Erokhina, 2013). Both the organization is facing similar problems regarding open innovations. Even though the barriers can seem to be as serious problems yet the need to overcome this is important as open innovation helps the company in a much superior way. There will be many barriers but to realize its full potential the company has to see itself as a larger bionetwork than a small remote island (Manzini, Lazzarotti, Pellegrini, 2017). Through the communication action and the leadership of the company these companies have to create a culture where open innovation is considered as a smart and strategic option in respect of knowledge and creativity (Chesbrough, 2017). Conclusion: The innovation process in both the companies has matured and is certainly providing the company with market lead which should be kept closed. This is the case for Sistema Plastic and the process of innovation. Innovation processes are always complicated and it involves several great minds. A mixture of those great minds can create a miracle as well as chaos. Therefore to adapt open innovation an organization has to be bold enough to do so. Thus, it can be said that the open innovation process is a complementary process and even after facing several barriers, it worth taking this risk. However, the companies which have a strong inbound innovation method be it Auckland University or Sistema Plastics it will be able to carry out and benefit from this process. References: West, J., Bogers, M. (2014). Leveraging external sources of innovation: a review of research on open innovation.Journal of Product Innovation Management,31(4), 814-831. Gaziulusoy, A. ?., Boyle, C., McDowall, R. (2013). System innovation for sustainability: a systemic double-flow scenario method for companies.Journal of Cleaner Production,45, 104-116. Erokhina, E. V. (2013). Regional'naya innovatsionnaya sistema i novaya paradigma upravleniya [Regional innovation system and new management paradigm].Kaluga, ZAO Prait-K Publ. Garca-Pealvo, F. J., Blanco, . F., Sein-Echaluce, M. L. (2015, October). Educational innovation management: a case study at the university of salamanca. InProceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multiculturality(pp. 151-158). ACM. Du, J., Leten, B., Vanhaverbeke, W. (2014). Managing open innovation projects with science-based and market-based partners.Research Policy,43(5), 828-840. Chesbrough, H. (2017). The Future of Open Innovation: The future of open innovation is more extensive, more collaborative, and more engaged with a wider variety of participants.Research-Technology Management,60(1), 35-38. Markman, A. B. (Ed.). (2016).Open Innovation: Academic and Practical Perspectives on the Journey from Idea to Market. Oxford University Press. Cassiman, B., Valentini, G. (2016). Open innovation: Are inbound and outbound knowledge flows really complementary?.Strategic Management Journal,37(6), 1034-1046. Vanhaverbeke, W., Roijakkers, N., Lorenz, A., Chesbrough, H. (2017). The Importance of Connecting Open Innovation to Strategy. InStrategy and Communication for Innovation(pp. 3-15). Springer International Publishing. Bogers, M., Zobel, A. K., Afuah, A., Almirall, E., Brunswicker, S., Dahlander, L., ... Hagedoorn, J. (2017). The open innovation research landscape: Established perspectives and emerging themes across different levels of analysis.Industry and Innovation,24(1), 8-40. Stanko, M. A., Fisher, G. J., Bogers, M. (2017). Under the Wide Umbrella of Open Innovation.Journal of Product Innovation Management,34(4), 543-558. Manzini, R., Lazzarotti, V., Pellegrini, L. (2017). How to remain as closed as possible in the open innovation era: the case of Lindt Sprngli.Long range planning,50(2), 260-281.

Marketing is the process Essay Example

Marketing is the process Essay Marketing is the process used to make it as easy as possible to get the potential customer to buy your product or use their service. Market research is researching what people think about products and services. Market research is researching what e.g sells the best. You benefit from the research. Market research is either primary or secondary. Primary research is finding information that doesnt exist already. An example of primary research is questionnaires, telephone surveys, product resting and working with consumer groups. Advantages are that it provides data that is up to date, relevant and specific to you products. Secondary research is useful for looking at the whole market, and analysing past trends to predict the future. Its research on information that already exists. It involves looking at things like market research reports, or magazines and newspapers. Advantages are that its cheaper than primary research, the data is found easily and its instantly available. I will be using primary research as I will be looking for original information. I have rejected secondary because the information I would gather would be of existing cafes, so there would be no point because I would be basing my cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ on other cafes. I want to see what their opinions are on cafes today to see if I can make changes and improvements to attract customers to my cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. For my research, I have written a questionnaire. Normallu, questionnaires are designed to find out what customers want from a service or product. My aim is to ask people who often eat in cafes or coffee bars. I have taken into account the disadvantages of using this method. These include: We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing is the process specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing is the process specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing is the process specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer * The information may be inaccurate. * You dont know whom you could be asking. * People may not want to give up their time and may not take it seriously. I have put together a questionnaire to which I shall ask about 10-20 people. From this questionnaire, I will be able to analyse the publics opinion and apply it to my service. I shall take into account what they have said, and what they would like to see changed. I start off the questionnaire by using more specific questions about the person to know if they are the sorts of people Id like to ask. The questions then go into more detail. Questionnaire 1. Have you ever been to a cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½? Yes.. No I asked this question to know if the information this person has is useful or not. 2. What do you look for in a cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½? I asked this to get a general idea of what is important to this person. 3. Do you work in the centre of town? Yes.. No. As I am looking to run my business in the centre of town, this question will tell me if this person is the kind I would be selling my service to. 4. Do you make lunch from home? Yes.. No.. As Im aiming for my cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ to be used as a place where working people can come to buy their lunch or to have a coffee, I need to know if the person being questioned would use it for this purpose. 5. What cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ do you regularly go to if at all? I asked this to get an insight on what type of place this person likes. 6. When you go to a cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½, what do you usually buy? . This question will help me to see what foods are most important to customers. 7. Why would you use the cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½? .. This will show me the why they use cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ the cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½, and to tell me what most people use them for. E.g. if people were to use it for parties, then I would know how to make more business. 8. Do you usually go to a cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ in your lunch hour? Yes no. This will tell me how many people actually attend cafes at this time. 9. Which of the following is most important to you in a cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½? (tick 2) Hot drinks- e.g. coffee Snacks- e.g. Sandwiches, cakes, cookies Hot food- e.g. soup, potatoes. This will tell me which foods are most important to customers. 10. Do you ever buy hot food in a cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½? If yes, give example. If the cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ you regularly attend doesnt serve hot food, would you like that to be changed? Yes .. No. Would you like change? Yes. No. This will show me peoples opinions on hot food in cafes and if people find it important. 11. What is your favourite sandwich? This will give me an idea on which sandwiches will sell the most. 12. Do you prefer hot drinks or cold or both? Hot Cold Both. This question shows me what type of drink appeals most to the customers. 13. How much would you be willing to pay for Coffee/ Hot chocolate. Sandwich.. Piece of cake. Bowl of Soup.. By asking this question, I will know what customers will be willing to pay, and it will give me a rough idea on how much I should be selling my products for. 14. Do you prefer lots of choice, or simple. E.g. Yellow cheese/ Orange cheese or just cheese? Choice.. Simple Some people find it frustrating when there is so much choice, because they dont really care. So by asking this question, I will know what people prefer and if its an advantage or not to have choice. 15. Do you feel you can relax in cafes today? Yes No This question will give me ideas on how to improve from what there already is. 16. Do you think there are too many cafes that are too similar and you would like to see change? . This will give tell me if people are happy with what cafes are today, and if I should make my cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ original, or if I would have more customers if I make my cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ similar to present cafes. 17. What would you like to see changed? . By having ideas of what people want, I can apply it to my business to attract more customers. These were the results to my questionnaire. I asked 10 people of different ages and back rounds. 1. What do you look for in a cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½? From these results, I gathered the four main points that people look for in a cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ are that they have reasonable prices, a relaxed atmosphere, good quality food and drinks and that they are clean. Out of just these points, the fundamental point for customers is good quality food and drinks. So to attract more customers, I will have to sell good quality food and drink. I also aim to have a relaxed atmosphere and for my cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ to be completely safe and clean. 2.Do you work in the centre of town? Yes No 3.Do you make lunch from home? Yes No Most people do make lunch from home, but there are still a fair amount who buy from cafes in town. 4. Have you ever been to a cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½? Yes No Everyone I asked has been to a cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ at least once. 5. What Cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ do you regularly go to, if at all? The most popular cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ is Starbucks. Starbucks is a very popular successful business that will be large competitors. They are very well known. This could be a threat; I will have to compete with Starbucks and find ways to attract as many or more customers. I also know that this is the type of cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ most people like. 6.When you go to a cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ what do you usually buy? These results show me that hot drinks are the most important to customers. They are definitely the most popular. This means hot drinks at my cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ are essential. Proper meals arent as popular, so they are not as important. 7. Why do you use the cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½? From these results, I know why people use cafes and what sort of market Im looking at. Ill know who is most likely to use my cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½, and this will help me see if the location for my cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ is suitable. I can see that most people like to use cafes to relax and to take a break. This means that the location my cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ is in is suitable, near the centre of town, because thats where working people are, and when they take a break, they will hopefully use my cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. 8. Do you usually go to a cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ in your lunch hour? Yes No From these answers, I know if the person goes to a cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ regularly for lunchtime purposes. 9.Which of the following is most important to you in a cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½? (Tick 2) Hot drinks. Snacks- e.g. Sandwiches, cakes, cookies. Hot food- e.g. soup, potatoes.. From these results, it is obvious that people are more interested in hot drinks and snacks then hot foods, therefore hot drinks and snacks are much more important than hot foods. 10. Do you ever buy hot food in a cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½? If yes, give an example. If the cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ you regularly attend doesnt serve hot food, would you like that to be changed? Yes.. No Would you like change? Yes.. No Yes- Examples of what hot foods they have eaten in cafes: No- Would they like change * Pasta dishes * Potatoes * Salads * Hot chocolate cake * Soups Yes- No- From this question, I can see that people do enjoy hot foods, but they dont find it a necessity and if they do buy hot foods, its usually quite basic choices. The people who attend cafes that dont sell hot food dont seem to be bothered. They dont want change, they are happy without it hot food. This leaves me with a choice, I could either serve hot food, or not. Either way, hopefully I will still attract customers. 11. What is your favourite sandwich? This is an open-ended question and I got various choices as different people like different things. I noticed that the most popular choice was tuna and salad. Cheese and tomato is also quite popular. I know that these two choices of sandwiches should sell well in a cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ because they are popular. 12. Do you prefer hot drinks, cold drinks or both? From these results, I can see that people like both hot and cold drinks. Customers like to have the choice. 13. How much would you be willing to pay for: Coffee/ Hot chocolate.. Sandwich Piece of cake Bowl Of Soup Product Average price Coffee/ Hot chocolate à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2.05 Sandwich à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½3.55 Piece of Cake à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½3.40 Bowl of soup à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½4.30 From these results, I have an idea on how much customers would be willing to pay for these items. 14. Do you prefer lots of choice or simple e.g. Yellow cheese/Orange cheese or just cheese? Choice. Simple. From these results, it is obvious that people prefer to have choice. Therefore I will make sure to have choice in my cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. 15. Do you feel you can relax in cafes today? Yes No From these results, I can see that people feel relaxed and comfortable in cafes today. 16. Do you think there are too many cafes that are too similar and you would like to see change? People answered this question by saying no, but a few answered by saying that there are many similar cafes, but they dont know how they could be changed and they are happy with the way they are now. So I shouldnt make my cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ too unique because people are happy with the way they are now and they might not want a dramatic change. They may want a traditional normal cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. 18. What would you like to see changed? Not one person wrote anything for this question, which means no one is aware of anything they want changed. Summary I have learnt a lot from doing this questionnaire. It has given me an insight to what people want and it is a useful way to find out how to get lots of customers. By looking at what the people I will be selling to want and by letting them have a say, It means I can use what they have said and actually put the information to use to attract more customers. I have learnt many things on what the customers will want. I have found out who are my prime competitors, I have found out that hot drinks are the most popular and wanted product, I have found out that good quality food and drinks are the most important to people. I will put this information I have found out, along with everything else, into account and this will help me to build a successful business. For future, I could improve my questionnaire by asking more people, because I only asked 10 people which isnt really a big range, and I could ask more questions.

Free Essays on The Magnificent African cake

â€Å"A Berlin Conference was able to tear Africa into shreds and divide her up between three or four imperial flags† -Fanon. In 1884, European imperialists met at the Berlin Conference to â€Å"carve the African cake†. These imperialists had an agenda to not only lay the boundaries and rules for the occupation of the African â€Å"motherland†, but to also bring civilization to the African natives. This great African cake, as it is metaphorically described, was a delightful taste in the mouths of the colonizer. The â€Å"cakeâ€Å", with its abundance of natural resources and raw materials, was decisively cut and partitioned to various European nations. The diplomats drew lines on maps relinquishing foreign lands, mountains, and rivers to one another. The plan was for the colonizers to rule these designated areas as if there were no inhabitants, with no respect for the claims and rights of the native Africans. â€Å"The magnificent African cake† is a documentary about the colonization of the African continent. Despite the dry, monotonous tone of the narrator, the film has a very informative nature and is detailed in its presentation of information. One of the main themes of this cinema is the relationship between that of the colonizer and the colonized. Although there were varying ideals on how a white man should deal with the natives, it was largely a history of harsh oppression. From outright murder and enslavement to unfair economic taxation and exploitative labor situations, the Europeans worked diligently to destroy the spirit of the African peoples. The inhumane and sadistic treatment towards the native people could only be justified by Europeans perceiving Africans as lazy, barbaric savages, who required an oppressor to â€Å"civilize† them. From this massive attempt to destroy the African spirit sprung various reactionary/revolutionary responses from Black A frica. One example is the many Africans turning towards Islam in... Free Essays on The Magnificent African cake Free Essays on The Magnificent African cake â€Å"A Berlin Conference was able to tear Africa into shreds and divide her up between three or four imperial flags† -Fanon. In 1884, European imperialists met at the Berlin Conference to â€Å"carve the African cake†. These imperialists had an agenda to not only lay the boundaries and rules for the occupation of the African â€Å"motherland†, but to also bring civilization to the African natives. This great African cake, as it is metaphorically described, was a delightful taste in the mouths of the colonizer. The â€Å"cakeâ€Å", with its abundance of natural resources and raw materials, was decisively cut and partitioned to various European nations. The diplomats drew lines on maps relinquishing foreign lands, mountains, and rivers to one another. The plan was for the colonizers to rule these designated areas as if there were no inhabitants, with no respect for the claims and rights of the native Africans. â€Å"The magnificent African cake† is a documentary about the colonization of the African continent. Despite the dry, monotonous tone of the narrator, the film has a very informative nature and is detailed in its presentation of information. One of the main themes of this cinema is the relationship between that of the colonizer and the colonized. Although there were varying ideals on how a white man should deal with the natives, it was largely a history of harsh oppression. From outright murder and enslavement to unfair economic taxation and exploitative labor situations, the Europeans worked diligently to destroy the spirit of the African peoples. The inhumane and sadistic treatment towards the native people could only be justified by Europeans perceiving Africans as lazy, barbaric savages, who required an oppressor to â€Å"civilize† them. From this massive attempt to destroy the African spirit sprung various reactionary/revolutionary responses from Black A frica. One example is the many Africans turning towards Islam in...

Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 5

Ethics - Essay Example This paper evaluates the two approaches to defining â€Å"ethically bad life†: deontology and teleology. The paper examines each of the two approaches in detail and identifies which of the two can best be used to identify an â€Å"ethically bad life†. The tests the thesis that teleology and the end in question is always the most important thing but it must be done on the backdrop of absolute rules. Deontology The principle of deontology asserts that what is bad and what is good is definite and made up of universal laws which define what is right and what is wrong. The foremost philosopher who propounded the theory of deontology in modern ethics is Immanuel Kant. Kant argued that deontology is â€Å"a moral theory centered around the idea of unconditional duty-based commitment† (Cherkasova, 2012: 2). In other words, what is bad and what is good are absolute. This means that they are definite and they are stated clearly. Thus, an individual taking a decision must r eason and identify what is good and do it. Failure to do what is defined universally as good means an individual has done what is bad. The word deontology is derived from the Greek word â€Å"deon† which means â€Å"duty† (Morrison, 2009). ... Hence, an individual acting in a way and manner that affects a given set of rules has the obligation to identify what is required of him and do it according to the standard of the moral rules and codes. â€Å"Duty is the basic element of all moral actions†, the deontological school of thought assets (Johnstone, 2009: 3). The classical deontology school of thought bases its standard of deriving laws from divine authorities and other spiritual laws (Johnstone, 2009). Thus, what is bad is based on what authoritative religious sources state. Over the years, the deontological school of through grew to embrace nationalistic ethics and systems and today, national laws, moral ethics and international standards form the basis of the definition of â€Å"moral duties† in deontology. Corrigan and Farrell therefore identifies three main features of deontology as a tool for defining what as an ethically bad life (2012). They are: 1. Objectivity: This means that morality is based on u niversal and clear-cut rules and principles and an individual must choose the moral rule that applies in the situation. In this case, the sentiments and/or personal feelings of the individual do not matter. 2. Standardization: Morality sets a standard of what is right and what is wrong. And it applies equally to all people irrespective of their circumstances or situations and hence, what is bad is based on the ability to meet the standard required. Failure to reach the standard makes an act bad. 3. Reasoning: An individual must evaluate all his actions and reason to find what is good and what is bad and do what is good. This is done through critical evaluation of the action and activity (Carr, 2009). Teleology Teleology is an opposite to deontology

Variation of Capitalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Variation of Capitalism - Essay Example This essay declares  with the globalization of management structures and the integration of global economic systems, all the economic systems in the world are supposed to follow a standardized structure, but in actuality that is not the case. There are several variations in the economic structures in the world, as well as in the practices of capitalism.According to the paper findings  the effort of converging to a single and effective type of market economy, from the late 19th century has been diminished by the substantial variations among the dominant firms, practices of employment, supplier-customer relationships. As the global economy continues to become more integrated, the societies having different institutional arrangements will eventually continue to develop and create a variation in the economic systems.  The variations are on the grounds of economic and social capabilities in particular sectors and industries. As a result, a country becomes specialized in one sector b ut lacks in the other. The UK economy in the late 20th century was strong in financial services and architecture; on the other hand, they were weaker in construction and assembly line manufacturing.  The institutional subsidiary systems which govern the capital and labour market shape the capitalist models, and when they act in a calibrated manner they reinforce all the sub systems.  The comparative advantage system creates specific ways to adjust any incoming changes.

Consequences of deception in romantic relationships Dissertation

Consequences of deception in romantic relationships - Dissertation Example When deception is detected, negative emotional reactions result, particularly when the lies exposed are considered to be significant. In Cole’s (2001) study, 256 individuals (128 couples) were used as the research sample. They were asked to complete questionnaires pertaining to their partner’s and their own communication behavior. The aim was to determine the link between the extent of interpersonal communication and the practice of deception. Moreover, the study examined the roles played by causes for deception such as reciprocity, avoidance of punishment, or deceptive fulfilment of the lack of intimacy in their romantic relationship. The use of deception is more frequently found where relational characteristics are at lower levels. Thus, deception appears to be used as a method for coping with relational problems, and greater use of deception is considered to be â€Å"an indicator of overall relational distress† (Cole, 2001, p.125). Cole’s (2001) research study also obtained certain results related to the outcome of deception. Primarily, the best relational outcomes arise from couples avoiding deception while at the same time trusting each other’s fidelity. However, when it becomes known that deception is being practised by one of the partners, there are negative outcomes for everyone involved. When there is a little suspicion, the other partner may be tempted to engage in deception too, thus sending the relationship into a downward spiral. This results in increasing deception by both the individuals, greater suspicion between partners, and progressive deterioration of the romantic relationship. The above study could have been made more useful through a greater focus on the outcomes of deception among the couples where deception was found, thereby providing evidence based results. The research study would need to extend over a longer period of time, to determine how each couple who had experienced deception between them, fared with the passage of time. This is because some couples may reconcile, while others may break up the romantic relationship permanently. In romantic relationships, fidelity is a serious concern for both sexes. Deception by one of the partners can have devastating results on the relationship. When the infidelity comes to light, the betrayed partner’s feelings of being let down can give rise to â€Å"unpleasant emotions including depression, anger, self-reproach and jealousy† (Shackelford, Buss and Bennett, 2002, p.299). Infidelity remains as the most serious cause for the dissolution of a relationship leading to divorce, and breaking up of the relationship is resorted to as the most common solution. On the other hand, not all couples break up their relationship because of a partner’s infidelity. Some individuals try to find out all the details from their unfaithful partner to determine the nature and

Construction And Application Of Linear Accelerators

Construction And Application Of Linear Accelerators A linear accelerator particle is a type of particle which accelerator greatly increases the velocity of charged subatomic particles or ions by subjecting the charged particles to a series of oscillating electric potentials along a linear beam line; this method of particle acceleration was invented in 1928 by Rolf Wideroe. Linear accelerators have many applications, from the generation of X-rays for medical purposes, to being an injector for a higher-energy of accelerators, to the investigation of the properties of subatomic particles. The design of a linear accelerator depends on the type of particle that is being accelerated: electrons, protons or ions. Introduction: The first linear accelerators used only a single stage of acceleration, with a direct current potential providing the energy. This could be provided by a Van de Graaff generator or a voltage multiplier power supply. Such the accelerators are severely limited in accelerating power since at high voltage; energy is lost due to corona discharge with electrical energy dissipated into the surrounding atmosphere. Such devices are still used as ion injectors for other accelerating devices. The accelerating potential in electron volts is equal to the voltage potential between the ion source and the target. The maximum voltage potential relative to the ground potential is generally not limited by the generator but rather by the tendency of voltage potential to leak away due to corona discharge or to suddenly drop due to a spark. While various techniques may be applied to raise this maximum potential the structures required become impractically massive or expensive. The multiple-stage accelerators were limited by the lack of suitable electron tubes capable of operating at high frequency and high power while maintaining both precise frequency and phase control. Various other types of accelerators such as the cyclotron and synchrocyclotron were developed to overcome these limitations. With the development of the high power klystron tube it became practical to continue the development of the linear accelerator, first for use as a high-speed injector for the synchrotron and finally as a high-power accelerator for research use, culminating in the two-mile-long Stanford Linear Accelerator (SLAC). Construction and Working: It will be consist of following components: (1) The design of the source depends on the particle that is being moved. Electrons are generated by a cold cathode, the hot cathode and photocathode, or radio frequency ion sources. Protons are generated in an ion source, which can have many different designs. If the heavier particles are to be accelerated, e.g. uranium ions and the specialized ion source are needed. (2) A high voltage source for the initial injection of particles. (3) A hollow pipe vacuum chamber. The length will vary with the application. If the device is used for the production of X-rays for inspection or therapy the pipe may be only 0.5 to 1.5 meters long. If the device is to be an injector for a synchrotron it may be about 10 meters long. If the device is used as the primary accelerator for nuclear particle investigations, it may be several thousand meters long. (4) Within the chamber, electrically isolated cylindrical electrodes are placed, whose length varies with the distance along the pipe. The length of each electrode is determined by the frequency and power of the driving power source and the nature of the particle to be accelerated, with shorter segments near the source and longer segments near the target. The mass of the particle has a large effect on the length of the cylindrical electrodes; for e.g. An electron is considerably lighter than a proton and so will generally require a much smaller section of cylindrical electrodes as it accelerates very quickly à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ think about a boulder versus a ping pong ball; it is easier to accelerate the ping pong ball. Likewise, because its mass is so small, even compared to the nucleus of an atom, electrons have much less kinetic energy than protons at the same speed. Because of the possibility of electron emissions from highly charged surfaces, the voltages used in the accelerator have an upper limit, so this cannot be as simple as just increasing voltage to match increased mass. (5) One or more sources of radio frequency energy used to energize the cylindrical electrodes. The very high power accelerator will use one source for each electrode. The sources must operate at precise power, frequency and phase appropriate to the particle type to be accelerated to obtain maximum device power Quadrupole magnets surrounding the linac of the Australian Synchrotron are used to help focus the electron beam (6) An appropriate target the electrons are accelerated to produce X-rays then water cooled tungsten target is used. Various target materials are used when protons or other nuclei are accelerated, depending upon the specific investigation. For particle-to-particle collision investigations the beam may be directed to a pair of storage rings, with the particles kept within the ring by magnetic fields. The beams may then be extracted from the storage rings to create head on particle collisions.As the particle bunch passes through the tube it is unaffected while the frequency of the driving signal and the spacing of the gaps between electrodes are designed so that the maximum voltage differential appears as the particle crosses the gap. This accelerates the particle, imparting energy to it in the form of increased velocity. At speeds near the speed of light, the incremental velocity increase will be small, with the energy appearing as an increase in the mass of the particles. In portions of the accelerator where this occurs, the tubular electrode lengths will be almost constant. (7) The additional magnetic or electrostatic lens elements may be included to ensure that the beam remains in the center of the pipe and its electrodes. (8) The very long accelerators may maintain a precise alignment of their components through the use of servo systems guided by a laser beam. Fig. (1.1) 805MHz SCC LINAC Working: A linear accelerator works on the principle of electric attraction and repulsion. A charged particle such as an electron or a proton is injected into a tube with a similar charge (negative for electrons, positive for protons). Just beyond that tube is another tube with an opposite charge. The particle gets attracted by the far tube, so it moves towards the next tube. Recall that inside a conductor, the electric field is zero therefore the charge of the tube its in doesnt affect it. But when its in the space between the tubes, it experiences an electric field which drives it forward. Just as it hits the next tube, its polarity switches so now its the same as the particle. A third tube, just beyond the second one, gets charged with the opposite polarity, and the same thing happens. This continues on, tube after tube. The particle gets a kick of energy each time it sees a new field, and the electric potential gets converted into kinetic energy. As the particle gets faster, the tubes hav e to get longer; the particle spends the same amount of time in each tube. Obviously, the geometry of the tubes and the frequency with which theyre switched needs to be calculated precisely. Linear accelerators of this type can be many miles long; theyre often long enough that the curvature of the earth needs to be accounted for during their construction. But they can accelerate particles to a significant fraction of the speed of light. Fig. (1.2) 208MHz DT LINAC Fig.(1.3) Applications of LINAC: The LINAC System highly efficient accelerators are ideally suited to many applications in industry, medicine, and research. (1) LINAC Synchrotron Injector is serving as the perfect first stage to other higher energy accelerators. (2) Semiconductor Processing. (3) Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) conventionally uses a nuclear reactor as the neutron source. Our LINAC-based neutron source provides a better controlled neutron energy spectrum, at lower cost, without the concern of radioactive waste associated with a reactor. (4) Isotope Production Our LINACs are ideally suited for isotope production, such as the PET isotopes. (5) Neutron Radiography. (6) Neutron Activation Analysis. (7) Surface Science. (8) Particle-Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE). (9) Pulsed Neutron Applications is LINAC-based neutron source allows for pulsed neutron beams for applications such as time-of-flight measurements. Uses: A linear accelerator (LINAC) is most commonly used for external beam radiation patients with cancer. It delivers a uniform dose of high-energy x-ray to the region of the patientà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s tumor. These x-rays can destroy the cancer cells, while sparing the surrounding normal tissue. The linear accelerator uses microwave technology to accelerate electrons in a part of the accelerator called the wave guide and then allows these electrons to collide with a heavy metal target. As a result of these collisions, high energy x-rays are scattered from the target. A portion of these x-rays is collected and then shaped to form a beam that matches the patients tumor. The beam comes out of a part of the accelerator called a gantry, which rotates around the patient. The patient lies on a moveable treatment couch and lasers are used to make sure the patient is in the proper position. Radiation can be delivered to the tumor from any angle by rotating the gantry and moving the treatment couch. Fig. (1.4) LINAC Advantages and Disadvantages of linear accelerator: Advantages: Linear accelerator of appropriate design are capable of accelerating heavy ions to energies exceeding those available in ring-type accelerators, which are limited by the strength of the magnetic fields required to maintain the ions on a curved path. The High power LINACs are also being developed for production of electrons at relativistic speeds, required since fast electrons traveling in an arc will lose energy through synchrotron radiation; this is the limits the maximum power that can be imparted to electrons in a synchrotron of given size. LINACs are also capable of prodigious output, producing a nearly continuous stream of particles, whereas a synchrotron will only periodically raise the particles to sufficient energy to merit a shot at the target. The burst can be held or stored in the ring at energy to give the experimental electronics time to work, but the average output current is still limited. The high density of the output makes the LINAC particularly attractive for use in loading storage ring facilities with particles in preparation for particle to particle collisions. The high mass output also makes the device practical for the production of antimatter particles, which are generally difficult to obtain, being only a small fraction of a targets collision products. These may then be stored and further used to study matter-antimatter annihilation. As there are no primary bending magnets, this cost of an accelerator is reduced. Medical grades LINACs accelerate electrons using a complex bending magnet arrangement and a 6-30 million electron-volt potential to treat both benign and malignant disease. The reliability, flexibility and accuracy of the radiation beam produced have largely supplanted cobalt therapy as a treatment tool. The device can simply be powered off when not in use; there is no source requiring heavy shielding. Disadvantages: (1) The device length limits the locations where one may be placed. (2) A great number of driver devices and their associated power supplies are required, increasing the construction and maintenance expense of this portion. (3) The walls of the accelerating cavities are made of normally conducting material and the accelerating fields are large, the wall resistivity converts electric energy into heat quickly. On the other hand superconductors have various limits and are too expensive for very large accelerators. Therefore, high energy accelerators such as SLAC, still the longest in the world, limiting the average current output and forcing the experimental detectors to handle data coming in short bursts. Future Scope: Any of the next generation accelerators will need high power of sources and if accelerating systems that transfer ac power to beam power efficiently. The challenges though span a wide range of technologies and wavelength. From very low frequency cavities used in Muon Colliders (70 MHz) to very high frequency cavities in Multi TeV linear colliders (30 GHz and more), many of the designs are based on experience and where experience is missing, scaling laws are used. How does Breakdown scale with electric field stength, pulse length and frequency? What limits peak power and effciency in modern power sources? The experts in this field should generally try to answer these questions and therefore give guidance to the accelerator designers. Limits on fields, peak powers and efficiencies should therefore be an outcome of the working group. Given the experience in the ongoing RD programs for normal and superconducting cavities the performance achieved today should be described, as well as the limitations and possible cures. The time scale for establishing these cures should be summarized as well. For both, the normal conducting and the superconducting case the subsystems (Modulators, Klystrons, Pulse Compression systems) and cavities should be addressed independently with a description of present status and of the progress being made over the last five years to allow some extrapolation. For the power sources itself, a very active field only partially driven by accelerator builders, future trends and new directions of improvements should be described. This group should also describe the likely spinoffs of these different technologies into other fields, coming out of the technical developments being done in the HEP research environment.

Our American Dream, Our History, Our Lives :: Essays on the American Dream

My great-grandfather moved to this country from Thailand. His lineage situation is a bit confusing considering he is of mixed blood. In those days racism was on a uphill slope, especially in such countries as Taiwan and China, and Japan, that would have been considered blasphemous and it still is today. Today we live in a more enlightened time, being of Taiwanese and Jamaican blood he and his parents were abandoned by his family and outcast among their neighbors. He frequently had to cover his face in cloths and garments just to walk outside. Growing up as an African-American male despite the going enlightenment of our time one cannot escape being an outcast among my own people because of be it color, gender, or sexual orientation. Even some women of color today have to worry about the darkness of their skin, not among other races but among their own. Ignorance at times could have a thoughtless basis but still cause pain. He found solace in, of all places back in the 1940’s, Buffalo, New York and lived there for sixty years before moving to Miami, Florida. He quickly found work in New York’s seedy underbelly as a pimp in the city‘s â€Å"Red Light Districtâ€Å" where people of that profession were commonly found. That is also how he happened to find my great-grandmother, who moved from Panama to achieve the american dream, to get her piece of the pie, with no intentions to work as a prostitute. My great-grandparents today still have no regrets about their past, my great-grandfather puts his life into perspective by stating "Youth is a blunder; Manhood a struggle; Old Age regret." They talked with a wisp of pride in their voices. Not that he regrets everything now in his old age. It is more he regrets ever becoming old. If you see my great-grandfather today, he is dating a forty year old woman, he still feels he is twenty when in actuality he is 87. He loves the mistake s he has made in his youth through the prostitution and drugs, something I as a youth can not be proud of. I have had my own struggles with drugs, with the police, and have contracted many more problems than needed. I regret everyday of my youth, not because I have cut my life short, but because I knew better. So did my great-grandfather.

Be Able to Contribute to Planning Learning Activities Essay

Hello Harry I met you at the Hyatt Hotel in Birmingham and I spoke to your assistant manager about my trip to Malawi. I Hope you are ok! Below is a picture of me and you at villa part in 2010! WOW! I had the most amazing opportunity to volunteer in Ghana for 6 weeks in July, its quiet unbelievable to be given another opportunity to help make people happy again!! BUT!! Every volunteer MUST raise  £800. ALL Money raised goes to projects whilst we are out there etc. I shall be working with Orphans and also teaching mothers how to educate their child. I’m finding it extremely difficult to raise my fundraising target and I have  £635 to go until lively minds (company im going with) are happy with my fundraising, Its totally stressing me out as I have to pay for my own flights too!! Which is an additional  £700 and coming from a single parent family on a council estate is hard, I just want to make myself proud and have a good life This is the only thing that makes me happy, Li fes pretty dull to be honest . But when I’m making others happy and putting smiles on the faces of children who truly have nothing to live for, but keep going and keep fighting their everyday life makes me happy about myself. When I spoke to you before the game you said you woul help me reach my fundraising target. I truly hope that is still possible so i can then the company can lay off my back and I concentrate on raising my flight costs. It would mean the world if you could help me on this quest. To be able to relax and know i am going to Ghana and not telling people â€Å"Maybe depending on if i achieve my fundraising target† would be HARRYmazing!

This essay is a description of Ghandi as he is described in the book The Peguin Reader; Ghandi.

This essay is a description of Ghandi as he is described in the book The Peguin Reader; Ghandi. In the first chapter of the Gandhi Reader, entitled Critique of Modern Civilization, the views of Gandhi are portrayed in an interview style between a reader and an editor. I feel that this style of writing is effective but confusing. I was pretty much reading an entire conversation between two people, and because of the style, I became very confused and disoriented about the text I was reading. The drawn out question answer session became boring and hard to follow. It almost seems that the editor and the reader were going at each other, and even though conflict grabs peoples attention, it drew me away from the what the important facts were.The main focus, as the title suggests, was the critique of modern civilization. The editor seems to me, to be pretty much complaining about everything going on. It's good to have pride in one's country, but I feel that the pride the editor is showing is prejudice.GandhiI mean, the editor talks about home-rule, or swaraj, and how he is a total beli ever of it. Swaraj is a good principle, but I feel that one country, alone, being independent, is not a great equation for success. Take in America's case, our push for independence was based a lot on the feeling of nationality. But if it was not for the British, and its influences, America would not be like it is today. For instance, Congress is based on British Parliament. With out outside influences, a countries views may not be as broad as they would if they would have been weathered and altered because of other views of other nations.The editor portrays himself as almost hateful toward England. In Part 5, the editor continuously bashes England, its people, and its ways. He describes Parliament as a...

Female Circumsicion Essays - Female Genital Mutilation, Free Essays

Female Circumsicion Essays - Female Genital Mutilation, Free Essays Female Circumsicion CULTURE OR TORTURE? Female circumcision, better known as Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), is an ugly monster finally rearing its head from out of the depths of time. It can attack a girl at any age, with a little prompting from her society, and the aid of an unsuspecting human wielding a knife. Usually, it is performed from a few days after birth to puberty, but in some regions, the torture can be put off until just before marriage or the seventh month of pregnancy (Samad, 52). Women that have gone beyond the primary level of education are much less likely to fall victim to the tradition (Men's..., 34). The average victim is illiterate and living in a poverty-stricken community where people face hunger, bad health, over-working, and unclean water (Female..., 1714). This, however, is not always the case. As one can see in the following story of Soraya Mire, social classes create no real barriers. Soraya Mire, a 13-year-old from Mogadishu, Somolia, never knew what would happen to her the day her mother ca lled her out of her room to go buy her some gifts. When asked why, her mother replied, I just want to show you how much I love you. As Soraya got into the car, she wondered where the armed guards were. Being the daughter of a Somolian general, she was always escorted by guards. Despite her mother's promise of gifts, they did not stop at a store, but at a doctor's home. This is your special day, Soraya's mother said. Now you are to become a woman, an important woman. She was ushered into the house and strapped down to an operating table. A local anesthetic was given but it barely blunted the pain as the doctor performed the circumcision. Soraya was sent home an hour later. Soraya broke from her culture's confining bonds at the age of 18 by running away from an abusive arranged marriage. -2- In Switzerland, she was put in a hospital emergency room with severe menstrual cramps because of the operation. Seven months later, the doctor performed reconstructive surgery on her. Now in the U.S., Soraya is a leading spokeswoman against FGM (Bell, 58). In addition to being active in the fight against FGM, she is an American filmmaker. She has come a long way. Being well educated about the facts of FGM also brings to light the ugly truth. It is happening on American soil, insists Soraya. Mutilations are occurring every day among innigrants and refugees in the U.S. (Brownlee, 57). Immigrants have also brought the horrifying practice to Europe, Australia, and Canada (McCarthy, 14). Normally, it is practiced in North and Central Africa (Men's..., 34), the Middle East, and Muslim populations of Indonesia and Malaysia (Female..., 1714). Although it seems to have taken root in Muslim and African Christian religions, there is no Koranic or Biblical backing for FGM (Men's..., 34). Many ti mes female circumcision is treated as a religion in itself. It can be a sacred ritual meant to be kept secret forever. As a woman told poet Mariama Barrie, You are about to enter Society sic}, and you must never reveal the ritual that is about to take place. (Barrie, 54). The ritualistic version of FGM is much more barbaric than the sterile doctor's world that Soraya Mire passed through. Mariama Barrie had to endure the most severe form of FGM at the tender age of ten. Mariama's torture is known as infibulation. There is also excision and sunna. Infibulation consists of the removal of the entire clitoris, the whole of the labia minora and up to 2/3 of the labia majora. The sides of the vulva are sewn or held together by long thorns. A small opening the size of the tip of a matchstick is left for the -3- passage of menstrual blood and urine. Excision is a clitoridectomy and sometimes the removal of the labia minora; Sunna is the only type that can truthfully be called circumcision. It is a subtotal clitoridectomy (Female..., 1714). To put this in perspective, infibulation would be like cutting off a man's penis completely, cutting the testicles to the groin, and making a hole in them to have the semen siphoned

Great Hyperinflations in World History Term Paper

Great Hyperinflations in World History - Term Paper Example Center of discussion in this paper is hyperinflation as a rate of inflation per month that exceeds 50 percent. Episodes of hyperinflations are rare and they do not take â€Å"when money has been commodity-based or when paper money has been convertible into a commodity†. There have been 30 hyperinflations in history. The 30th hyperinflation was supposedly in 2008 in Zimbabwe. The first hyperinflation happened during the French revolution of 1789-96. For Hanke, the most well-known hyperinflation of the 20th century was â€Å"the great German hyperinflation of the 1920s, when the monthly inflation rate peaked approximately 30,000% in October 1923.† Meanwhile, Hanke reported that â€Å"the two most virulent hyperinflations recorded---Hungary (1945-46) and Yugoslavia (1992-924) ---curiously remain little known.† Hanke hypothesized that little is known about the two inflations probably because â€Å"the peak monthly inflation rates were so high as to be incomprehensib le.† According to Hanke, the highest one-day inflation ever recorded was in Hungary in July 10, 1946 when it was 348.46%. Under the Slobodan rule of Milosevic, Yugoslavia recorded the second highest monthly inflation at 313 million percent in January 1994.The hyperinflation which has the reputation of producing the month with the highest inflation was in Hungary in July 1946 but Hanke did not provide the inflation data. In 1988, Morales (1988) reported that the Bolivian hyperinflation of 1984-86 was the only case hyperinflation not associated with a world or civil war. ... Great Inflation of History I. Introduction According to Hanke (2008a, p. 2), hyperinflation is â€Å"defined as a rate of inflation per month that exceeds 50 percent.† Episodes of hyperinflations are rare and they do not take â€Å"when money has been commodity-based or when paper money has been convertible into a commodity† (Hanke, 2008b).There have been 30 hyperinflations in history (Hanke, 2008a). The 30th hyperinflation was supposedly in 2008 in Zimbabwe. The first hyperinflation happened during the French revolution of 1789-96 (Hanke, 2008b). For Hanke (2008b, p. 187), the most well-known hyperinflation of the 20th century was â€Å"the great German hyperinflation of the 1920s, when the monthly inflation rate peaked approximately 30,000% in October 1923.† Meanwhile, Hanke (2008b, p. 186) reported that â€Å"the two most virulent hyperinflations recorded---Hungary (1945-46) and Yugoslavia (1992-924) ---curiously remain little known.† Hanke (2008b, p. 1 86) hypothesized that little is known about the two inflations probably because â€Å"the peak monthly inflation rates were so high as to be incomprehensible.† According to Hanke (2008b), the highest one-day inflation ever recorded was in Hungary in July 10, 1946 when it was 348.46%. Under the Slobodan rule of Milosevic, Yugoslavia recorded the second highest monthly inflation at 313 million percent in January 1994 (Hanke, 2008b).The hyperinflation which has the reputation of producing the month with the highest inflation was in Hungary in July 1946 but Hanke (2008b) did not provide the inflation data. In 1988, Morales (1988) reported that the Bolivian hyperinflation of 1984-86 was the only case hyperinflation not associated with a world or civil war. However,

Equality and Diversity Policies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Equality and Diversity Policies - Essay Example Although there are varied perceptions of diversity in concept and practice, one compact and comprehensive definition is provided by Esty, et al. (1995), where the authors state that:â€Å"Diversity is acknowledging, understanding, accepting, valuing, and celebrating differences among people with respect to age, class, ethnicity, gender, physical and mental ability, race, sexual orientation, spiritual practice, and public assistance status.†Diversity management, Foster and Harris (2005) opine, â€Å"Encourages innovative practices in human resource management that values employment relationship by addressing individual needs.† Potentially, employers see immense advantage in deploying demographically diverse workforce.Diversity, as opposed to equal opportunity, extends beyond legislation and focuses more on differences amongst individuals and groups. The liberal perspective has moved the diversity discourse from providing equal opportunities addressing social discriminati on to promoting and managing diversity for societal progress and advantages. Equal opportunities policies often promotes sameness in treatment of individuals; whereas, diversity focuses on managing individual differences for gaining competitive edge. Diversity connotes, gender, age, ethnic background, as well as, non-visible characteristics, like work experience and disability factors (Kersten, 2000). In this context, diverse workgroup is beginning to be recognized for its contributory value to meet organizational objectives, than merely to meet legal. and regulatory aspects. Laflà ¨che (2005) chooses a metaphor â€Å"head and heart† to emphasize the effect of diversity on the inner-workings of an organization. It is another way of saying that the entire enterprise must commit to the cause of diversity in order to make a convincing and lasting change in human resource and team management practices that is seen as consistent and

Ontological Argument criticism by Kant Critique of Pure Reason Essay

Ontological Argument criticism by Kant Critique of Pure Reason - Essay Example Kant vehemently reaffirmed the intelligibility of the world as demonstrated by common sense and science. He has had immense influence in the world of philosophy and continues to be a great source of inspiration for all. Despite rejecting some of his core ideas, the subsequent generation that lived under German idealism has widely adopted his work. His prime objection was that existence is not a predicate. The foundation of the ontological argument was the existence of a God that is greater than a God who does not exist. Thus, the very foundation was baffling and questionable. Kant advocated that existence could not possess or lack properties and, therefore, it is not a predicate. His criticism fundamentally targeted Descartes and Leibniz. Kant drew a clear line of distinction between analytic and synthetic judgments. Analytic judgment denotes a predicate that conveys a point that is already a part of the concept, and, therefore, it constitutes a tautology. On the other hand, in a syn thetic judgment, the predicate implies a point not already contained in the concept, and, therefore, it expresses new knowledge.... The judgments regarding nonexistence nullify both the subject and the predicate; therefore, this does not give rise to a contradiction. Based on these arguments, Kant refuted the notion of a necessary being. In addition, he contends that if existence is considered as a fundamental component of the definition of something, then affirming that it exists constitutes as tautology. Therefore, while making the analytic judgment that existence is a characteristic of God, we are reiterating that God exists. Thus, no synthetic judgment is made to annex novel information with regard to existence to the theoretical definition of God. Moving on, he criticizes the concept of being by pointing out that it is not a real predicate; thereby, it cannot be used to define a concept related to something. In plain terms, saying that something exists does not indicate anything in relation to the concept; instead, it denotes the existence of an object that matches with the concept. To say that objects of se nse exist does not imply an extra property related to the concept; instead, it is to be discovered outside the thought and we have an experiential awareness of it in space and time (Kant 89). A thing that actually exists does not possess properties which could be predicated; therefore, it cannot be distinguished from the concept of it. The distinguishing factor is then experience concerning that something, for instance its shape, site, time. To say that something exists requires spatial-temporal experience of that thing in order to know that there exist objects that correspond to that concept. Hence, a demonstration concerning the existence of something like God, which involves predicating a